Tuesday, April 4, 2017

How Melanoma Skin Cancers Form and How to Stop Them - Science

Melanoma is the most virulent form of skin cancer and you may be familiar with it from Jimmy Carter who is another of the Rockhouse's favorite tough guys.

Note:  Jimmy Carter is still with us and here's a quote from him:

America did not invent human rights. In a very real sense human rights invented America.

- Jimmy Carter


The reason for studying how melanoma tumors form is so the researchers can discover a way to stop them and that's what happened.  (Science Daily: How melanoma tumors form)


Melanoma cells move quickly, extending cables to reel in other cells and form tumors. The panels show how individual melanoma cells came together to build a tumor in just four hours.

Credit: David Soll laboratory, University of Iowa

The graphic shows you the virulence of melanoma and the researchers look for a way to stop it.


Biology professor David Soll and his team used unique computer-assisted 3-D reconstruction software to chronicle how both breast tissue cancer cells and melanoma cells form tumors. The group found the two cancers act similarly in the joining stages of tumor formation. With that knowledge, they screened more than four dozen monoclonal antibodies -- unique agents that can stop cells from growing or forming tumors and can be mass produced -- before finding two that block tumor creation in both types of cancer.

- SD

Herr Doktor Soll has found chemicals which prevent the tumors and, not only that, it appears they're inexpensive.


Many times I hear doctors and science in general aren't doing enough to cure cancer and I tell you emphatically it's bloody rubbish.  From these types of releases in science articles, I've seen science attacking cancer in many different forms and in many different way.


Likely your awareness of breast cancer is high but it's a slug next to melanoma in the speed it attacks.

Melanoma cells are "fast as lightning," Soll says. "They don't sit still. They've got ants in their pants."

Breast cancer cells, in contrast, are more ponderous and lumbering in both their movements and in forming tumors. In the previous paper in PLOS One, Soll's group found breast cancer cells wait on average 100 hours -- dividing into more cells during much of that interval -- before forming "clonal islands," or small clusters that then gradually join to form large tumors.

- SD

The good doctor won't be up for any awards for poetic skills but he makes the point clear.  Melanoma is exceedingly dangerous.


Here's the punchline and this one is a beauty.

That was an interesting revelation to Soll, who then screened 51 monoclonal antibodies before finding two, anti-beta 1 integrin/(CD29) and anti-CD44, that blocked tumor creation in both cancers.

"What's so cool is the same drug that stops breast cancer cells from undergoing coalescence also stops melanoma cells from undergoing coalescence, despite these cancers' whole history being different," Soll says. "That means there's a commonality despite the different origins. And that also means there might be a magic bullet (to stop tumor formation) for all cancers."

- SD

Stops melanoma AND breast cancer?  Doctor, they will be building statues in your likeness and they will be well-deserved.  Outstanding work.

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