Sunday, July 2, 2017

She's Nice; She's Highly Intelligent; She's Really Fat #Psychology

I began eating to change my body. I was wilful in this. Some boys had destroyed me, and I barely survived it. I ate because I thought that if my body became repulsive, I could keep men away. Of all the things I wish I knew then that I know now, I wish I had known I could talk to my parents and get help, and turn to something other than food.

The Guardian:  Roxane Gay: ‘My body is a cage of my own making’

The boys had raped her in a particularly offensive way and it's easy to say her reaction was inappropriate but it's rather more difficult to say what she should have done.  When you have been raped by multiple boys, how do you tell your parents; how do you tell anyone.



 ‘I don’t hate myself in the way society would have me hate myself,’ says Roxane Gay 

Photograph: Jennifer Silverberg for the Guardian


I don't know how much she is supposed to hate herself but I do know we failed if anyone in society hates himself or herself and the Rockhouse believes there is one hell of a lot of that going around.

Although I'm not sure, she sounds like she's a gay since she identified a partner rather than a husband.  There's a reason to hate herself.  She has dark skin for a second reason to hate herself.  She'e extremely overweight so she's a three-time loser for hating herself and you don't need the full diatribe on how little is being done to ameliorate the hatred on any of those scores.

While she inflicted some of that self-hatred on herself, society piled a whole lot more on top of that.  The relative distribution of how much hatred is attributable to what source doesn't gain much since we know without analysis a great deal of it came simply because she was breathing.


By the time I got back to my hotel room, my thigh muscles were shredded, but I was also impressed with how strong those muscles are. My body is a cage, but this is my cage and there are moments when I take pride in it. Still, alone in that hotel room, I sobbed. I sobbed because I was angry at myself, at the event organisers and their lack of forethought. I sobbed because the world cannot accommodate a body like mine and because I hate being confronted by my limitations and because I felt so utterly alone and because I no longer need the layers of protection I built around myself, but pulling those layers back is harder than I could have ever imagined.

- The Guardian:  Roxane Gay: ‘My body is a cage of my own making’

Read about her in the full article since I have no doubt you will like her as she's obviously intelligent but she has made these mistakes and now she's trapped.  If you would like to know her even better than that, consider her book.  Details are at the end of the article.


Perhaps you dismiss this as just another victim's story but the fact remains she really was a victim of something through no fault of her own.  That she made mistakes in response to that doesn't require a judgment but rather compassion since maybe it's possible to help her fix those mistakes.  However, that does nothing regarding the original source of the mistakes.

There was only passing mention of her partner in the source article and that absence seems telling relative to a highly-personal exposition of other aspects of the hardships of obesity.  The armchair diagnosis from the Rockhouse is that sexual damage is still there although we have no advisory on how to fix it.  Humans seems less able to remedy an afflicted sex life than just about every other malady which may befall us.


Ed:  no lambasting of this woman?

I've never managed to quit smoking and the cost of that proclivity is just about due so I'm really not in a position to criticize anyone for such mistakes, am I.

I'm not shamed from every source for smoking but a fat woman sees svelte but entirely insubstantial puffballs all day long on television and endless parades of more of the beautiful people and their rapacious hungers (i.e. typically for shopping) on Daily Mail, etc.  No-one does anything of that nature to me as a smoker but fat people get blasted with shaming 'round the clock with much of it coming from other women.

- Infer long and excruciatingly boring diatribe regarding the obscenity of the modern era of conspicuous consumption.  The pretty people are admired and lauded for it whereas fat people are shamed continuously for a different form of it. -


Years ago, I told myself that one day I would stop feeling this quiet but abiding rage about the things I have been through at the hands of others. I would wake up and there would be no more flashbacks. That day never came, or it hasn’t come, and I am no longer waiting for it.

A different day has come, though. I flinch less and less when I am touched. I harbour less hatred toward myself. I try to forgive myself for my trespasses.

I came to many realisations in the aftermath of breaking my ankle. I was broken and then I broke some more. And I am not yet healed, but I have started believing I will be.

Adapted and abridged from Hunger: A Memoir Of (My) Body, published on 6 July by Corsair at £13.99. To order a copy for £11.89, go to bookshop.theguardian.com or call 0330 333 6846.

Saturday, July 1, 2017

When the Disease Doesn't Understand its Own Virulence #Sociology #Opinion

If you're aware you're carrying an infectious disease, it will be unpleasant but understandable when you are placed in quarantine.  However, when you can project disease onto someone else then it's acceptable to spread any of your own disease using any device which is accessible to you and so it goes with Stephen Colbert.

Speaking on his programme The Late Show with Stephen Colbert on Thursday night, the comedian criticises Donald Trump for his tweets aimed at the hosts of MSNBC’s Morning Joe, Mika Brzezinski and Joe Scarborough. Colbert says he was shocked by the president’s remarks via social media.

The Guardian:  Stephen Colbert: Trump isn’t a symptom, he’s the disease – video)

That simple and sanctimonious fucktard is shocked and yet he's the same one who called Trump a cock holster.  He also defends Mika and Joe, two low-caliber face people who get paid for drinking coffee while people watch.


Frankly, mates, it's not at all clear what defines shocking to Stephen Colbert but, to his tiny and myopic mind, it appears to be anything someone else does.

Ed:  are you going to go Dalai Lama with this?

No need since Stephen Colbert couldn't find the Dalai Lama even if he had a GPS and pitons for mountain climbing.

Ed:  you're thinking of finding Yeti!

I'm thinking of Stephen Colbert's idea of the Dalai Lama.

Yesterday I saved a Red Squirrel in Fort Worth and then wrote a poem about it.  People were doing cartwheels over it all day so I submit the Dalai Lama is right about finding happiness by practicing compassion.  (Ithaka:  "On the Art of Avoiding the Squashing of Squirrels" #Poetry)


The disease Stephen Colbert carries and actively promotes is the Centrist Defense League otherwise known as the last gasp of the Dizzycrats since Progressives have been abandoning the Democratic Party like it's a hellbound train ... which is exactly what it revealed itself to be and no-one showed that more explicitly than Hillary Clinton and Barack Obama.

The specific problem is the focus on Trump as the AntiChrist when the fact is when he's gone the GOP will just get another one and the wars never stop.  There's been almost no change in Syria from the way Obama was proceeding with it since his vague purpose was also to kill Assad.  Coincidentally, that's also the CIA's vague purpose.


Obama said the same things about Syria as Trump; he was just more glib about doing it.  Trump makes himself look like an idiot with every Tweet but Obama was much better at disguising it.  That doesn't mean he showed any better judgment than Trump; he just had better camouflage.

You can see how it worked out for Obama since he's been partying like he invented the Louisiana Duck Call (i.e. "Duck Dynasty") ever since he left office.  Suddenly he's a high roller and don't you love how that magic works for him.


Stephen Colbert is one of the best reasons in years to blow up your television particularly when his audience is largely Gen-X and old Boomer women.  You couldn't get more nowhere without a guided tour by Gene Simmons.

Ed:  Gene Simmons is as right wing as you get!

So are the Centrists.  They were never shy about chucking drone bombs and making up stories about Sarin gas but suddenly it's a shock when Trump does the same thing.  Tip:  there's no damn difference and there's no damn shame in any of them.

You couldn't find more determined Goldman Sachs gravysuckers anywhere else outside the GOP.  They're exactly the damn same.


The GOP is dangerous but Centrists who pretend they are not GOP are even more dangerous since they do the same things but cover it up with more syrup.


Ed:  I still need more reason to blow up my TV

OK ... but I only need two words:  Alec Baldwin.

Ed:  (ka-boom)  It's done.

#Photography on the Blog 7/2 | We Want the Beautiful


Ecosystem:

Terrestrial Wildlife WinnerA termite mound in Emas National Park, Brazil, glows with the light produced by the larvae of click beetles

Photograph: Marcio Cabral

The larvae of click beetles don't sound so beautiful but they light up like fireflies.




Synchronized Sleepers:

Human/Nature FinalistFranco Banfi and his fellow divers were following this pod of sperm whales in the Caribbean Sea off the Commonwealth of Dominica, when they suddenly seemed to fall into a vertical slumber. First observed in 2008, scientists have found that these massive marine animals spend about 7 per cent of their time alseep

Photograph: Franco Banfi

They're asleep and all do it at once.




Pandas Gone Wild:

Human/nature WinnerAt the Hetaoping Research and Conservation Center in China’s Wolong Reserve, captive-bred giant pandas have been raised with the hope of one day reintroducing them to the wild. To prevent young pandas from imprinting on and becoming attached to their human caregivers, the center’s staff wear costumes that mimic the animals’ characteristic black and white pattern

Photograph: Ami Vitale

This may seem some type of bad joke but check out why the person is the costume is doing it.




The More the Merrier:

Terrestrial Wildlife FinalistMacaque monkeys huddle together on Shōdoshima Island, Japan, pooling body heat as temperatures drop

Photograph: Alexandre Bonnefoy

They may not seem so beautiful to you but they're probably gorgeous to more macaque monkeys while the beauty part for us is they cuddle like this to stay warm.




Photographer unknown

We get it this looks like something else and, sure, that's most amusing but this thing is actually a scallop living at extreme depth under the Arctic Icecap in some of the coldest, most inhospitable waters of the world ... and yet life happens.

What's Hot on the Blog 7/1

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Parenting Dilemma - definite agreement there's a dilemma but not so much on what to do about it - Comments are good (i.e. no-one gets angry)

High-Rise - science regarding efficiency or, more accurately, the lack of it in high-rise buildings plus a boost for feminism into the bargain

What's Hot

#Photography - We Want the Beautiful

Applications - an unusual device with a sophisticated purpose which was inspired by a lowly source (i.e. gecko feet)

#News - going through it on a blast to keep it tight and keep it contained

Racism - might be the most active article on Ithaka and it goes back four years

News - another catchup blast of news but still keeping it tight and contained

Genomic Vaccines - this one is still roaring from yesterday and interest has been astounding

Most Modern - it's the science of the lineage of modern horses which was quite a bit different from the loose fantasy in my mind

Most Modern Horses Descend from Oriental Stallions #Science

Any thinking of Arabian horses has been some vague idea of, oh, they've been breeding them for thousands of years.  It turns out that's not so since they're much more recent than that and they came from the Orient within the last seven hundred years.



Lipizzan horse galloping in winter.

Credit: © Viktoria Makarova / Fotolia


Researchers who have analyzed the Y chromosomes of more than 50 horses representing 21 breeds have found that the paternal lines of nearly all modern horses trace to stallions brought to Europe from the Orient over the last 700 years. The findings reported in Current Biology on June 29 reveal the overwhelming influence of breeding schemes driven by strong selection on males.

With the genetic genealogies in hand, it's now possible to elucidate the origin and relationship of any stallion line in detail, the researchers say.

Science Daily:  Most modern horses are descendants of recently imported Oriental stallions

The genealogy of modern horses is known with great accuracy going back for many generations among the breeders of thoroughbreds and this research means they now have Adam and Eve or at least Adam from the lines of modern horses.


Ed:  they came with the Mongol Hordes!

They came about seven hundred years ago.  (WIKI:  Mongol Empire)


Their analysis of the 52 Y chromosomes showed that the paternal lineages of various modern horses split much more recently than the domestication of the species, which goes back more than 5,000 years. Apart from a few private Northern European haplotypes, all modern horse breeds included in the study clustered into a roughly 700-year-old haplogroup, transmitted to Europe by the import of Oriental stallions, they report. The haplogroup includes two major subgroups (or clades): the Original Arabian lineage from the Arabian Peninsula and the Turkoman horse lineage from the steppes of Central Asia.

- SD


This one really isn't packing any ooh wow science unless you are responsible for thoroughbred horses in some way and the intrigue is regarding the Bedouins and ancient cultures which have been tightly intermingled with horses.  That seemed it went back millennia but apparently not and hence the interest.

The interested student may want to review the source article regarding accumulation of mutations in the Y chromosome as a measure of change and an identification of horses within a given range (i.e. haplogroup).  For the incredibly interested student, there's discovering whatever Bedouins may have done prior to their interest in developing the Arabian bloodline.  Horses had been domesticated thousands of years earlier so presumably they had horses.


This article may have run out of steam quickly for some but others love horses in ways the rest of us can only observe and appreciate.  We know you're out there and perhaps you will find this one worthwhile.

News for a Nooner 7/1

How many times do we have to tell you, don't use your penis for target practice?  You didn't listen, now did yewwww?  (ABC 10:  Jacksonville man sits on gun, shoots self in penis, police say)


There's definitely no shortage of nothing burgers at CNN.  Take it like a man, Van.  No need to be coy, Roy.  Take it on the lam, Sam.  (CNN:  CNN’s Van Jones calls Russia ‘nothing burger’ video ‘edited, right-wing propaganda’)


Well, we know Nikki Haley is the scorpion so who is the frog?  (RT:  ‘Scorpion & frog’: Haley uses fable to blast Iran as UN & EU say Tehran complies with nuclear deal)

Note:  it's not nagging when a White House representative does it.


We have news about Mika and Joe.  (CNN:  What the National Enquirer published about Joe Scarborough and Mika Brzezinski)  We didn't read it because we really don't give a fuck about two creeps who make a living by drinking coffee while people watch.  They don't seem to understand their only purpose is to remind us podcasts are really bad ideas.


Trump is talking like he just refilled his Viagra.  (RT:   ‘Era of strategic patience with N. Korean regime has failed’ ‒ Trump to S. Korea president)

Note:  see above about the definition of nagging.


Here's another Summer sequel story since it's only been a few months since the last time this happened.  Thank goodness, we have such a talented Energy Secretary to deal with such things.  (RT:  High risk of another nuclear waste tunnel collapse in Washington – govt)


New York shows us again, in the news or on the street, Three Card Monty rules.  (RT:  NYT retracts claim that ‘17 US intelligence agencies’ verified Russian DNC email hack)  The truth is under one of these three shells and you only have to tell me which one, Mister Ohio Hotshot.


Watch The Guardian's heartrending effort to raise the Titanic, the most colossal monument ever to arrogance and incompetence.  (The Guardian:  Russia hackers discussed getting Clinton emails to Michael Flynn – report)


You only think you're gullible.  You're not really gullible ... unless you're one of this girl's friends.  (NY Daily News:  UK woman found guilty at retrial for using fake penis, blindfold to trick female friend into sex)


Venus Williams is charged with almost exactly the same thing as Caitlyn Jenner (i.e. death to another due to an automobile accident you caused) and Jenner got away with it.  So how do you think that will break out for Williams.  (RT:   Venus Williams involved in fatal car crash in Florida)


If you think you will be safe from quack medicine with the Old Order Amish, you might want to review your medical support framework.  (Lexington Herald:  Amish farmer sold herbal health products. He’s going to prison for 6 years.)

Tip No. 1 on those health products:  he said they cure cancer.

Tip No 2. on those health products:  they don't cure anything.

High-Rise Buildings Much More Energy Intensive than Low-Rise #Science #Feminism

For the sake of clarity right from the top, the Rockhouse considers high-rise buildings to be little more than hideously-expensive phallic obscenities which assert the dominance of men but do little to represent common sense.  Same may say that's exactly what they would expect from men and that's as may be but not all of us aspire to build skyscrapers; in fact, hardly any of us do.

Note:  from the above you can reasonably anticipate there may be some (cough) language but it's brief ... and effective (larfs).



London. Credit: Maureen Barlin via Flickr

Amazingly, this is not a vision of Chaos but rather downtown London ... which looks much like Chaos.  It definitely shows the absence of any coherent design or coherence in much of anything, for that matter.

Ed:  but it's beautiful at night!

Yeah, yeah ... they're all beautiful at night ... because then you can't see these fuckin' ugly skyscrapers.  What of that blue, strapped dildo egg on the right.  Does that belong there?  Does that belong fucking anywhere?


Here's the case:

Office and residential buildings use more energy per square metre, the taller they are, according to new research from UCL.

Researchers at UCL's Energy Institute have found that electricity use, per square metre of floor area, is nearly two and a half times greater in high-rise office buildings of 20 or more storeys than in low-rise buildings of 6 storeys or less. Gas use also increases with height, by around 40%. As a result, total carbon emissions from gas and electricity from high-rise buildings are twice as high as in low-rise.

The 'High-Rise Buildings: Energy and Density' project, funded by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) analysed data from 610 office buildings in the UK. The research team looked at energy consumption 'in operation' and not 'embodied energy' (energy used to produce building materials and in the construction process).

Professor Philip Steadman (UCL Bartlett School of Energy, Environment and Resources) explained, "The use of air conditioning plays a part in but does not provide a complete explanation of these results. On average, carbon emissions from air-conditioned offices are found to be 60% higher than those from offices with natural or mechanical ventilation.

Phys.org:  High-rise buildings much more energy intensive than low-rise

Ed:  UCL is comprised of biased quacks and this is rubbish!

Believe what you like, Young Cynic, but do continue seeking or the only one you deprive is yourself.


Going straight for the conclusion, we have:

A third part of the study looked at the relationship of different forms of building to their densities, where density is measured by taking the total floor area and dividing by the site area. The work has shown that, in many circumstances, the densities achieved by tall towers can be achieved with lower-rise slab or courtyard buildings. It is not always necessary to build tall to achieve high densities and energy use could, in many cases, be greatly reduced by building in different forms on fewer storeys.

- PO

Likely you knew that pitch was coming and the interested student is always invited back to the source article to review for yourself.


Ed:  that's great.  So we build low and that means the city will tend to sprawl more so then you will only bitch more about all the traffic.

In fact, we will continue that bitching ... but ... that problem is recognized.  People are fed-up with gridlock but there's a great deal of thought going into city design along with the research to validate it.  We see little to none of that in the continuing construction of skyscrapers, each one striving to be bigger and more expensive than the last.  The Rockhouse maintains they represent the last gasp of Conspicuous Consumption and we need more intelligence behind the design of cities which may house upward of ten million people.

We do see that intelligence in the research regarding improved city design in the contexts of energy distribution, etc but ... for the skyscrapers there's nothing.  They're just grasping monuments to the passing of the Second Gilded Age.


Ed:  don't you think you went a bit past the limits for a #Science tag?

Perhaps but the readers will be the final judge of that.

The Story of Music is the Story of Humans #Science #Music


When did our ancestors begin making music?

Credit: © whiteshadow18 / Fotolia

As we saw briefly in another article, even cockatoos understand a beat so the Rockhouse is guessing there's never been a time when humans did not make music.  (Ithaka:  #Photography on the Blog 7/1 | Because We Want the Beautiful)

Note:  scroll to the third picture with Palm Cockatoos and one of them is holding a 'drum stick.'


How did music begin? Did our early ancestors first start by beating things together to create rhythm, or use their voices to sing? What types of instruments did they use? Has music always been important in human society, and if so, why? These are some of the questions explored in a recent Hypothesis and Theory article published in Frontiers in Sociology. The answers reveal that the story of music is, in many ways, the story of humans. 

Science Daily:  The story of music is the story of humans

We see them getting a bit poetic and that may be a warning.


So, what is music? This is difficult to answer, as everyone has their own idea. "Sound that conveys emotion," is what Jeremy Montagu, of the University of Oxford and author of the article, describes as his. A mother humming or crooning to calm her baby would probably count as music, using this definition, and this simple music probably predated speech.

But where do we draw the line between music and speech? You might think that rhythm, pattern and controlling pitch are important in music, but these things can also apply when someone recites a sonnet or speaks with heightened emotion. Montagu concludes that "each of us in our own way can say 'Yes, this is music', and 'No, that is speech'."

- SD

Uh oh, we see simple music as lesser music and we're getting a bad feeling about this, mates.  The above context is singing but that's already made a large jump over rhythmic music which, likely many of you agree, is probably the most primal form of it.


Another important component of music is rhythm. Our early ancestors may have created rhythmic music by clapping their hands. This may be linked to the earliest musical instruments, when somebody realized that smacking stones or sticks together doesn't hurt your hands as much. Many of these instruments are likely to have been made from soft materials like wood or reeds, and so haven't survived. What have survived are bone pipes. Some of the earliest ever found are made from swan and vulture wing bones and are between 39,000 and 43,000 years old. Other ancient instruments have been found in surprising places. For example, there is evidence that people struck stalactites or "rock gongs" in caves dating from 12,000 years ago, with the caves themselves acting as resonators for the sound.

- SD

Arrgghhhh ... we were right there with the rhythm but then danced away from it.  Construction of a pipe or any type of wind instrument shows a level of musical sophistication which goes well past the early bang a gong phase.  Don't read a hint of derogatory intention in that since we want that primal bang a gong beat today as much as did Caveman.



So, we know that music is old, and may have been with us from when humans first evolved. But why did it arise and why has it persisted? There are many possible functions for music. One is dancing. It is unknown if the first dancers created a musical accompaniment, or if music led to people moving rhythmically. Another obvious reason for music is entertainment, which can be personal or communal. Music can also be used for communication, often over large distances, using instruments such as drums or horns. Yet another reason for music is ritual, and virtually every religion uses music.

- SD

We're a little frustrated, mates, since we see a focus in this piece on the utilitarian aspect of music insofar as it has to be good for something; it has to serve a purpose.

The Rockhouse suggests maybe we just like it and we're disappointed this has not gone far toward review of why we like it.


The article concludes still with a general view of the function of music.

However, the major reason that music arose and persists may be that it brings people together. "Music leads to bonding, such as bonding between mother and child or bonding between groups," explains Montagu. "Music keeps workers happy when doing repetitive and otherwise boring work, and helps everyone to move together, increasing the force of their work. Dancing or singing together before a hunt or warfare binds participants into a cohesive group." He concludes: "It has even been suggested that music, in causing such bonding, created not only the family but society itself, bringing individuals together who might otherwise have led solitary lives."

- SD

Sorry but that got too far into TV psychology so let's have a bit of counterpoint.


If music is not innate to our souls, how do you explain the prevalence of perfect pitch.  (Phys.org:  Ability to perceive perfect pitch is more common than previously thought)

New research finds that perception of absolute pitch in music is far more common that previously thought, challenging conventional wisdom that the ability to detect perfect pitch is rare.
U of A music professor Elizabeth Margulis and two colleagues at Tel Aviv University in Israel published their findings this month in the journal Music Perception.

A classic study in music psychology established that most people make sense of music in terms of relative pitch, or where notes are placed in relation to a central note. The corollary notion has been that only a few people – one in 10,000 – can access absolute pitch.

Margulis and her team, however, found that absolute pitch perception is far more common than previously believed, particularly in people without formal musical training. A secondary finding points to the possibility that this cognitive capacity to track absolute pitch and key impacts the emotional experience of listening to music.

The paper, "Implicit Absolute Pitch Representation Affects Basic Tonal Perception," draws on research conducted by Margulis and Zohar Eitan in 2014, when Eitan spent a semester at the U of A as a visiting scholar. Moshe Shay Ben-Haim in Tel Aviv also worked on the paper.

- PO


The interested student is invited to pursue the additional content in both articles but you're cautioned about getting too scientific with this.  Leonard Bernstein wrote a book, "The Infinite Variety of Music," but that only covered one realm of musical expression.

Maybe to really understand how music came to be so vital to humans, we need to understand more about what a Palm Cockatoo could possibly derive from being able to sense the beat of something.

Ed:  or just shut up and play?

Still the best advice you can give any musician.

Applications in Space for a Gecko-Inspired Gripper #Science #Space


Close up of the robotic gripper made by the Cutkosky lab at Stanford University. The gripper is designed to grab objects in zero gravity using their gecko-inspired adhesive.

Credit: Kurt Hickman/Stanford News Service


Here's the problem for the Gecko Gripper to solve:

Right now, about 500,000 pieces of human-made debris are whizzing around space, orbiting our planet at speeds up to 17,500 miles per hour. This debris poses a threat to satellites, space vehicles and astronauts aboard those vehicles.

What makes tidying up especially challenging is that the debris exists in space. Suction cups don't work in a vacuum. Traditional sticky substances, like tape, are largely useless because the chemicals they rely on can't withstand the extreme temperature swings. Magnets only work on objects that are magnetic. Most proposed solutions, including debris harpoons, either require or cause forceful interaction with the debris, which could push those objects in unintended, unpredictable directions.

Science Daily:  Engineers design a robotic gripper for cleaning up space debris

The current science isn't about the device which will locate the space debris but rather the gripper which will be used to capture it when the debris is close-by.  The intelligence of that gripper was actually inspired by geckos, the tiny lizard-like creatures which can walk across your ceiling with no trouble.


To tackle the mess, researchers from Stanford University and NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) have designed a new kind of robotic gripper to grab and dispose of the debris, featured in the June 27 issue of Science Robotics.

"What we've developed is a gripper that uses gecko-inspired adhesives," said Mark Cutkosky, professor of mechanical engineering and senior author of the paper. "It's an outgrowth of work we started about 10 years ago on climbing robots that used adhesives inspired by how geckos stick to walls."

The group tested their gripper, and smaller versions, in their lab and in multiple zero gravity experimental spaces, including the International Space Station. Promising results from those early tests have led the researchers to wonder how their grippers would fare outside the station, a likely next step.

- SD

Apparently the gripper really does work in space when hardly anything else does so maybe it's not long before we hear one astronaut say to another, "Pass me a Gecko, if you would."

Most space tools don't have such cool names but this one could be novel.


We don't have a burning interesting any gecko's feet to any greater degree than most people but we do confess to some intrigue.

The adhesives developed by the Cutkosky lab have previously been used in climbing robots and even a system that allowed humans to climb up certain surfaces. They were inspired by geckos, which can climb walls because their feet have microscopic flaps that, when in full contact with a surface, create a Van der Waals force between the feet and the surface. These are weak intermolecular forces that result from subtle differences in the positions of electrons on the outsides of molecules.

The gripper is not as intricate as a gecko's foot -- the flaps of the adhesive are about 40 micrometers across while a gecko's are 200 about nanometers -- but the gecko-inspired adhesive works in much the same way. Like a gecko's foot, it is only sticky if the flaps are pushed in a specific direction but making it stick only requires a light push in the right direction. This is a helpful feature for the kinds of tasks a space gripper would perform.

- SD

It seems relatively simple but with devilishly-clever science behind it and there's a wealth of information for the interested student in the source article on how it works.  We will leave that for those who will be Engineers but in the Rockhouse we build cloud castles and more than one has said we don't have a grip on much of anything, Gecko Gripper or no.


There is a dream, however.

Next steps for the gripper involve readying it for testing outside the space station, including creating a version made of longer lasting materials able to hold up to high levels of radiation and extreme temperatures. The current prototype is made of laser-cut plywood and includes rubber bands, which would become brittle in space. The researchers will have to make something sturdier for testing outside the ISS, likely designed to attach to the end of a robot arm.

Back on Earth, Cutkosky also hopes that they can manufacture larger quantities of the adhesive at a lower cost. He imagines that someday gecko-inspired adhesive could be as common as Velcro.

- SD

Maybe that seems a silly dream but my parents didn't know anything about Velcro when they were growing.


This article won't continue into collecting space junk since the source article is focused entirely on grabbing the junk after it is found.  Likely you can envision some type of autonomous space robos which fly around finding the space junk and then the Gecko Gripper will be used to grab it.  That's for another installment but NASA is still writing that one.

Note:  that's the first Ithaka article out of over ten thousand which ever called for a sequel but I believe the application is valid.  There is tremendous glory in shooting things into space and it looks like we rapidly approach the point at which there will also be great glory in bringing things (i.e. space junk) out of space.